Original Research

Comparison of three nucleic acid-based tests for detecting Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle

Mamohale E. Chaisi, Janine R. Baxter, Paidashe Hove, Chimvwele N. Choopa, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Kelly A. Brayton, Zamantungwa T.H. Khumalo, Awelani M. Mutshembele, Moses S. Mtshali, Nicola E. Collins
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 84, No 1 | a1262 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1262 | © 2017 Mamohale E. Chaisi, Janine R. Baxter, Paidashe Hove, Chimvwele N. Choopa, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Kelly A. Brayton, Zamantungwa T.H. Khumalo, Awelani M. Mutshembele, Moses S. Mtshali, Nicola E. Collins | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 23 May 2016 | Published: 23 January 2017

About the author(s)

Mamohale E. Chaisi, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Janine R. Baxter, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Paidashe Hove, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria; Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa
Chimvwele N. Choopa, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Zambia
Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Kelly A. Brayton, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, United States
Zamantungwa T.H. Khumalo, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Awelani M. Mutshembele, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
Moses S. Mtshali, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
Nicola E. Collins, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Abstract

Several nucleic acid-based assays have been developed for detecting Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in vectors and hosts, making the choice of method to use in endemic areas difficult. We evaluated the ability of the reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation assay, two nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays and a duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to detect A. marginale and A. centrale infections in cattle (n = 66) in South Africa. The lowest detection limits for A. marginale plasmid DNA were 2500 copies by the RLB assay, 250 copies by the nPCR and qPCR assays and 2500, 250 and 25 copies of A. centrale plasmid DNA by the RLB, nPCR and qPCR assays respectively. The qPCR assay detected more A. marginale- and A. centrale-positive samples than the other assays, either as single or mixed infections. Although the results of the qPCR and nPCR tests were in agreement for the majority (38) of A. marginale-positive samples, 13 samples tested negative for A. marginale using nPCR but positive using qPCR. To explain this discrepancy, the target sequence region of the nPCR assay was evaluated by cloning and sequencing the msp1β gene from selected field samples. The results indicated sequence variation in the internal forward primer (AM100) area amongst the South African A. marginale msp1β sequences, resulting in false negatives. We propose the use of the duplex qPCR assay in future studies as it is more sensitive and offers the benefits of quantification and multiplex detection of both Anaplasma spp.

Keywords

RLB; nPCR; qPCR; A. marginale; A. centrale; 16S rRNA; msp1b; groEL; msp2

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