Proceedings
Antibiotic resistance and mitigation using One Health lens in aquaculture of Northern Nigeria
Submitted: 05 February 2024 | Published: 16 October 2024
About the author(s)
Nma B. Alhaji, Department of Epidemiology/Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Postgraduate College of Veterinary Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Food Safety, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, Minna, NigeriaIsmail Ayoade Odetokun, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Mohammed S. Jibrin, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Mohammed K. Lawan, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Jacob Kwaga, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess antibiotic usage, residues, resistance and drivers of their emergence in fish aquaculture in Northern Nigeria between 2019 and 2020. A structured questionnaire was administered to 151 randomly selected farmers. Fish, column and wastewater samples were analysed with enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for residue detection and quantification. We performed descriptive and analytic statistical analyses. All selected farmers participated, 78.1% used antibiotics in ponds. Majority (77.1%) of the farmers did not know what antibiotic misuse entailed and 73.3% mentioned that antibiotic misuse and overuse cannot predispose to residues and resistance. The most frequently used antibiotics were tetracyclines (TCs) (99.2%). Significant risk routes for residue and resistance spread were: contaminated fish and its products ingestion, direct contact with fish and fomites contaminated as well as water and aerosols contaminated in the pond environment. Significant social and cultural that influenced residue and resistance development include antibiotics misuse/overuse (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–8.74) as well as poor education and expertise of the farmers (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.24–6.94). The mean TCs residues level in column and wastewater was 123.6 ± 18.2 μg/kg−1. Poor knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic usage were identified. Adequate antibiotic stewardship should be promoted through farmers’ education. Identified social and cultural factors can be mitigated through the ‘One Health’ approach.
Keywords
Sustainable Development Goal
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