Original Research

Two genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus are responsible for serological variation in KwaZulu-Natal poultry flocks prior to 2012

Adrian D. Knoetze, Niloshni Moodley, Celia Abolnik
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 81, No 1 | a769 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.769 | © 2014 Adrian D. Knoetze, Niloshni Moodley, Celia Abolnik | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 10 February 2014 | Published: 09 September 2014

About the author(s)

Adrian D. Knoetze, Rainbow Veterinary Laboratory, Rainbow Chicken Farms, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Niloshni Moodley, Rainbow Veterinary Laboratory, Rainbow Chicken Farms, South Africa
Celia Abolnik, Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa

Abstract

This study describes the isolation, serotyping and genotyping of 54 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) cases predominantly in KwaZulu-Natal and compared to several isolates from other South African provinces between 2011 and 2012 and several historic isolates. The results indicate the division of isolates into two different genotypes of IBV within the province, Massachusetts (Mass)-like and QX-like. The IBV Mass-like genotype was the most prevalent and was detected in 79% of the full spike protein S1 gene sequences. Variation up to 22.3% was detected within local Mass-type strains, supporting the hypothesis that multiple IBV serotypes may co-circulate in the same region simultaneously. Additionally, more conservation was observed amongst Mass serotypes versus QX-like serotypes, implying that vaccine use can influence the variability within the IBV population; this is deduced from the fact that the only live vaccine registered for use in South Africa at the time of the study was of Mass origin and no QX-like vaccines were available for use. This study offers the first published consolidation of IBV isolates from an area of South Africa and identifies variation within the IBV population of the broiler flock within the study area over a 2-year period.


Keywords

infectious bronchitis virus; poultry; S1 protein; Mass serotype; QX-like serotype; RT-PCR

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