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Original Research
Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus
Submitted: 02 February 2016 | Published: 29 July 2016
About the author(s)
Gerda Fouche, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South AfricaBellonah M. Sakong, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Olubukola T. Adenubi, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Elizabeth Pauw, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Rwanda
Tlabo Leboho, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
Kevin W. Wellington, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
Jacobus N. Eloff, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Abstract
The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides. This has resulted in the presence of residues in meat and milk, which affects food safety. The development of resistance to available anthelmintics coupled with their high cost has further complicated matters. This has led to the investigation of alternative methods to manage nematodes, including the use of plants and plant extracts as a potential source of novel anthelmintics. Acetone extracts were prepared from 15 South African plant species and their anthelmintic activity determined using the egg hatch assay (EHA). The leaf extract of Cleome gynandra had the best inhibitory activity (68% ± 3%) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by the stem extract of Maerua angolensis (65% ± 5%). The extracts had a relatively low toxicity on Vero cells determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cellular assay.
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