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Original Research
An update of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) distribution and African animal trypanosomosis prevalence in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Submitted: 09 February 2016 | Published: 09 June 2016
About the author(s)
Chantel J. de Beer, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, South AfricaGert J. Venter, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases; Department of Veterinary and Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Karin Kappmeier Green, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa
Johan Esterhuizen, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Daniel G. de Klerk, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa
Jerome Ntshangase, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa
Marc J.B. Vreysen, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Austria
Ronel Pienaar, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa
Makhosazana Motloang, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases, South Africa
Lundi Ntantiso, Makhathini Research Station, Jozini, South Africa
Abdalla A. Latif, Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Parasites, Vectors & Vector-borne Diseases; College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract
An unpredicted outbreak of African animal trypanosomosis or nagana in 1990 in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal necessitated an emergency control programme, utilising the extensive cattledipping system in the area, as well as a reassessment of the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem in the province. Since 1990, sporadic blood sampling of cattle at the dip tanks in the naganainfested areas were undertaken to identify trypanosome species involved and to determine the infection prevalence in cattle. The distribution and species composition of the tsetse populations in the area were also investigated. From November 2005 to November 2007 selected dip tanks were surveyed for trypanosome infection prevalence. During April 2005 to August 2009 the distribution and abundance of tsetse populations were assessed with odour-baited H traps. The tsetse and trypanosome distribution maps were updated and potential correlations between tsetse apparent densities (ADs) and the prevalence of trypanosomosis were assessed. Glossina brevipalpis Newstead and Glossina austeni Newstead were recorded in locations where they have not previously been collected. No significant correlation between tsetse relative abundance and nagana prevalence was found, which indicated complex interactions between tsetse fly presence and disease prevalence. This was epitomised by data that indicated that despite large differences in the ADs of G. austeni and G. brevipalpis, trypanosome infection prevalence was similar in all three districts in the area. This study clearly indicated that both tsetse species play significant roles in trypanosome transmission and that it will be essential that any control strategy, which aims at sustainable management of the disease, should target both species.
Keywords: Tsetse distribution; Glossina brevipalpis; Glossina austeni; trypanosome infection prevalence
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