Original Research

Safety and immunogenicity of Rift Valley fever MP-12 and arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from Tanzania

Salama Nyundo, Ester Adamson, Jessica Rowland, Pedro M. Palermo, Mirende Matiko, George E. Bettinger, Philemon Wambura, John C. Morrill, Douglas M. Watts
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 86, No 1 | a1683 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1683 | © 2019 Salama Nyundo, Ester Adamson, Jessica Rowland, Pedro M. Palermo, Mirende Matiko, George E. Bettinger, Philemon Wambura, John C. Morrill, Douglas M. Watts | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 17 August 2018 | Published: 31 January 2019

About the author(s)

Salama Nyundo, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, United Republic of
Ester Adamson, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, United Republic of
Jessica Rowland, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, United Republic of
Pedro M. Palermo, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso,, United States
Mirende Matiko, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, United Republic of
George E. Bettinger, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, United States
Philemon Wambura, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, United Republic of
John C. Morrill, Orion Research and Management Services, Texas, United States
Douglas M. Watts, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, United States

Abstract

Vaccination of domestic ruminants is considered to be an effective strategy for protecting these animals against Rift Valley fever (RVF), but available vaccines have limitations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the safety and immunogenicity of RVF virus (RVFV) mutagenesis passage 12 (MP-12) and arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in Tanzania. Goats were vaccinated intramuscularly with RVFV MP-12 or arMP-12ΔNSm21/384, and then on Day 87 post-vaccination (PV) all animals were revaccinated using the RVFV MP-12 vaccine candidate. Serum samples were collected from the animals before and after vaccination at various intervals to test for RVFV using a Vero cell culture assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for RVFV-neutralising antibody using a plaque reduction neutralisation assay. Serum samples collected before vaccination on Days -14 and 0, and on Days 3, 4 and 5 PV were negative for RVFV and neutralising antibody. All animals remained healthy, and viremia was not detected in any of the animals. Rift Valley fever virus antibody was first detected on Day 5 PV at a 1:10 dilution in five of five animals vaccinated with the MP-12 vaccine and in five of eight animals vaccinated with arMP-12ΔNSm21/384. Titres then increased and were sustained at 1:40 to 1:640 through to Day 87 PV. All animals that were revaccinated on Day 87 PV with MP-12 developed antibody titres ranging from 1:160 to as high as 1:10 240 on Days 14 and 21 PV. Although the antibody titres for goats vaccinated with RVF MP-12 were slightly higher than titres elicited by the arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, these findings demonstrated that both vaccines are promising candidates for the prevention of RVF among Tansanian goats.

Keywords

Rift Valley Fever Virus; RVF arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine; RVF MP-12 vaccine; antibody; Capra aegrus; goat; Tanzania

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