Original Research

Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in two districts of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

Wagari Tafese, Achenef Melaku, Tewodros Fentahun
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 79, No 1 | a385 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.385 | © 2012 Wagari Tafese, Achenef Melaku, Tewodros Fentahun | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 27 October 2011 | Published: 15 May 2012

About the author(s)

Wagari Tafese, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
Achenef Melaku, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
Tewodros Fentahun, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia

Abstract

Trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease that causes serious economic losses in livestock, especially in sub-Saharan countries. This study was conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 in the Diga and Sasiga districts of the East Wollega zone in western Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors. A total of 386 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined and samples were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique. Out of 386 blood samples, 8.55% tested positive for trypanosomes. The majority of the infections were caused by Trypanosoma congolense (72.73%), followed by Trypanosoma vivax (27.27%). There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between districts, altitudes, sexes and ages, but the prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle which were in poor body condition. The mean PCV value of infected animals (21.45 ± 3.62 s.d.) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of non-infected animals (26.60 ± 4.60 s.d.). A total of 1151 flies were caught by deploying 21 monoconical shaped traps. Of these flies, 822 (71.42%) were Glossina, whilst the remaining flies were either Stomoxys (17.20%) or Tabanus (11.38%). The overall apparent densities of tsetse and biting flies were 1.45 and 0.58 flies per trap per day, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed that trypanosomes and their vectors are prevalent and still pose a threat to cattle production in the area. Therefore, proper strategies have to be designed and implemented to minimise their effect on livestock production.

Keywords

bovine; buffy coat; Diga; Ethiopia; Sasiga; prevalence; trypanosomosis; tsetse fly

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