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Original Research
Sero-epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis among slaughtered cattle in Nigeria
Submitted: 16 June 2015 | Published: 12 May 2016
About the author(s)
Victor O. Akinseye, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaHezekiah K. Adesokan, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Akwoba J. Ogugua, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Folashade J. Adedoyin, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Patricia I. Otu, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Ayi V. Kwaghe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
Noah O. Kolawole, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Oyinye J. Okoro, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Charity A. Agada, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Adeniyi O. Tade, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Reproduction, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Olufemi O. Faleke, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Uthman dan Fodiyo University, Nigeria
Anyanwu L. Okeke, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
Ibikunle M. Akanbi, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Oyo State, Nigeria
Mofoluwake M. Ibitoye, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Oyo State, Nigeria
Morenike O. Dipeolu, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Reproduction, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Emma J. Dale, Department of Bacteriology and TB, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom
Perrett Lorraine, Department of Bacteriology and TB, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom
Andrew V. Taylor, Department of Bacteriology and TB, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Nigeria
Emmanuel A. Awosanya, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Eniola O. Cadmus, Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Judy A Stack, Department of Bacteriology and TB, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom
Simeon I. Cadmus, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Nigeria; however, limited data exist on nationwide studies and risk factors associated with the disease. Using a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey, we determined the prevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis in slaughtered cattle in three geographical regions of Nigeria. Serum samples from randomly selected unvaccinated cattle slaughtered over a period of 3 years (between December 2010 and September 2013) from northern, southern and south-western Nigeria were tested for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Data associated with risk factors of brucellosis were analysed by Stata Version 12. In all, 8105 cattle were screened. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (315/8105) was recorded by the Rose Bengal test, with 3.8%, 3.4% and 4.0% from the northern, southern and south-western regions, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that cattle screened in northern Nigeria were less likely to be seropositive for antibodies to Brucella spp. than those from south-western Nigeria (odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.73–1.22). However, logistic regression analysis revealed that breed ( p = 0.04) and sex ( p £ 0.0001) of cattle were statistically significant for seropositivity to Brucella spp. The study found that brucellosis was endemic at a low prevalence among slaughtered cattle in Nigeria, with sex and breed of cattle being significant risk factors. Considering the public health implications of brucellosis, we advocate coordinated surveillance for the disease among diverse cattle populations in Nigeria, as is carried out in most developed countries.
Keywords: Bovine brucellosis, RBT, Epidemiology, Public Health, Nigeria
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