Original Research

Prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical isolates from South Africa and Brazil

Oliver T. Zishiri, Nelisiwe Mkhize, Samson Mukaratirwa
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | Vol 83, No 1 | a1067 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1067 | © 2016 Oliver T. Zishiri, Nelisiwe Mkhize, Samson Mukaratirwa | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 30 September 2015 | Published: 26 May 2016

About the author(s)

Oliver T. Zishiri, Department of Genetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Nelisiwe Mkhize, Department of Genetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Samson Mukaratirwa, Department of Genetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a significant public health concern around the world. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production for treatment, growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from Salmonella isolated from South African and Brazilian broiler chickens as well as human clinical isolates. Out of a total of 200 chicken samples that were collected from South Africa 102 (51%) tested positive for Salmonella using the InvA gene. Of the overall 146 Salmonella positive samples that were screened for the iroB gene most of them were confirmed to be Salmonella enterica with the following prevalence rates: 85% of human clinical samples, 68.6% of South African chicken isolates and 70.8% of Brazilian chicken samples. All Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 10 antibiotics. Salmonella isolates from South African chickens exhibited resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents used, such as tetracycline (93%), trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (84%), trimethoprim (78.4%), kanamycin (74%), gentamicin (48%), ampicillin (47%), amoxicillin (31%), chloramphenicol (31%), erythromycin (18%) and streptomycin (12%). All samples were further subjected to PCR in order to screen some common antimicrobial and virulence genes of interest namely spiC, pipD, misL, orfL, pse-1, tet A, tet B, ant (3")-la, sul 1 and sul. All Salmonella positive isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; however, antimicrobial resistance patterns demonstrated that multiple drug resistance was prevalent. The findings provide evidence that broiler chickens are colonised by pathogenic Salmonella harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is evident that there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems in order to mitigate the proliferation of multiple drug resistance across species.

Keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; chicken; human; susceptibility; virulence gene


Keywords

Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; chicken; human; susceptibility; virulence gene

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62. Detection of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Tsepo Ramatla, Ntelekwane G. Khasapane, Lungile N. Mlangeni, Prudent Mokgokong, Taole Ramaili, Rendani Ndou, Jane S. Nkhebenyane, Kgaugelo Lekota, Oriel Thekisoe
Antibiotics  vol: 13  issue: 5  first page: 458  year: 2024  
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63. Application of actinomycetes in the control of Salmonella species
Daokoru-Olukole CG, Pureaziba N
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation  vol: 11  issue: 4  first page: 120  year: 2023  
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64. High carriage and possible hidden spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, China
Xin Lu, Ming Luo, Mengyu Wang, Zhemin Zhou, Jialiang Xu, Zhenpeng Li, Yao Peng, Yuan Zhang, Fangyu Ding, Dong Jiang, Changyu Zhou, Liya Yang, Wenxuan Zhao, Tian Ma, Bo Pang, Meiying Yan, Yongning Wu, Yannong Wu, Biao Kan
Nature Communications  vol: 15  issue: 1  year: 2024  
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65. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Chilled Chicken Meat Commercialized at Retail in Federal District, Brazil
Sabrina Lunara Santos Pavelquesi, Ana Carolina Almeida de Oliveira Ferreira, Letícia Fernandes Silva Rodrigues, Calliandra Maria de Souza Silva, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva, Daniela Castilho Orsi
Journal of Food Protection  vol: 86  issue: 9  first page: 100130  year: 2023  
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66. Contamination of ready-to-eat street food in Pakistan with Salmonella spp.: Implications for consumers and food safety
Jannat Raza, Tauseef M. Asmat, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa, Hina Ishtiaq, Kiran Mumtaz, Muhammad Moazam Jalees, Abdul Samad, ArsalanAhmed Shah, Salma Khalid, Habib ur Rehman
International Journal of Infectious Diseases  vol: 106  first page: 123  year: 2021  
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67. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review
Elpidius Rukambile, Vitali Sintchenko, Gary Muscatello, Richard Kock, Robyn Alders
Zoonoses and Public Health  vol: 66  issue: 6  first page: 562  year: 2019  
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68. Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Adama Patrice Soubeiga, Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda, Muller K. A. Compaoré, Asseto Somda-Belemlougri, Ndamiwe Kaseko, Sibiri Sylvain Rouamba, Sandrine Ouedraogo, Roukiatou Traoré, Paulette Karfo, Désiré Nezien, Fulbert Nikiéma, Elie Kabre, Cheikna Zongo, Aly Savadogo, Faham Khamesipour
International Journal of Microbiology  vol: 2022  first page: 1  year: 2022  
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69. Incidence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolates From Raw Meat Products Sold at Small Markets in Hubei Province, China
Min Zhou, Xiaofang Li, Wenfu Hou, Hongxun Wang, George C. Paoli, Xianming Shi
Frontiers in Microbiology  vol: 10  year: 2019  
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70. Prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from poultry meat: virulence and antimicrobial-resistant genes
Marziye Nazari Moghadam, Ebrahim Rahimi, Amir Shakerian, Hassan Momtaz
BMC Microbiology  vol: 23  issue: 1  year: 2023  
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71. Antibiogram of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat and frozen milk in Barishal city, Bangladesh
M. A. Rahman, M. S. Ahmed
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine  vol: 20  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.33109/bjvmjj2022amrt1

72. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from live birds at commercial resellers
Silvânia Andrade Reis, Karine Louise Calaça, Eduardo de Paula Nascente, Adilson Donizeti Damasceno, Valéria de Sá Jayme, Maria Auxiliadora Andrade
Ciência Animal Brasileira  vol: 21  year: 2020  
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73. Epidemiological, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt
Hanem El-Sharkawy, Amin Tahoun, Abd El-Galiel A. El-Gohary, Moshira El-Abasy, Fares El-Khayat, Trudi Gillespie, Yukio Kitade, Hafez M. Hafez, Heinrich Neubauer, Hosny El-Adawy
Gut Pathogens  vol: 9  issue: 1  year: 2017  
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74. Characterization of non-typhoid Salmonellae isolated from domestic animals and wildlife from selected areas of Zambia
Charles M. Mubita, Bwalya J. Muma, King Nalubamba, Girja Shanker Pandey, Kenny Samui, Musso Munyeme, Kajihara Masahiro, Yongjin Qiu, Ngonda Saasa, Bernard M. Hang'ombe
Scientific African  vol: 8  first page: e00345  year: 2020  
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75. Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review
Renata Urban-Chmiel, Agnieszka Marek, Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak, Kinga Wieczorek, Marta Dec, Anna Nowaczek, Jacek Osek
Antibiotics  vol: 11  issue: 8  first page: 1079  year: 2022  
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76. A Comprehensive Review of the Common Bacterial Infections in Dairy Calves and Advanced Strategies for Health Management
Dereje Tulu Robi, Tesfa Mossie, Shiferaw Temteme
Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports  vol: Volume 15  first page: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S452925

77. Characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from broilers in Shandong, China
Xiaonan Zhao, Ming Hu, Qing Zhang, Cui Zhao, Yin Zhang, Lulu Li, Jing Qi, Yanbo Luo, Dong Zhou, Yuqing Liu
Poultry Science  vol: 99  issue: 12  first page: 7046  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.071